Car transmissions are mechanisms that transfer power from the engine to the wheels, enabling speed variation and control. In Malaysia, drivers encounter multiple transmission types, each with distinct functionalities suited for different driving conditions and preferences. The primary options include manual transmissions (MT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), continuously variable transmissions (CVT), dual-clutch transmissions (DCT), automatic transmissions (AT), multi-clutch transmissions (MCT), electric vehicle transmissions (EV), and electronic continuously variable transmissions (E-CVT). These systems vary in complexity, cost, and performance, catering to diverse automotive needs.
Car Transmission Types in Malaysia
What Is Manual Transmission (MT)?
Manual transmission (MT) requires the driver to manually shift gears using a clutch pedal and gear stick. This system provides direct control over gear selection, making it popular among driving enthusiasts. In Malaysia, manual transmissions are often found in entry-level vehicles and performance cars due to their lower maintenance costs and higher fuel efficiency. For example, the Perodua Axia and Proton Saga offer manual variants. However, operating an MT demands more skill, especially in heavy traffic where frequent gear changes are necessary.
What Is Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)?
Automated manual transmission (AMT) combines the mechanics of a manual gearbox with automated clutch and gear-shifting functions. This type eliminates the need for a clutch pedal, making it easier to drive while retaining the fuel efficiency of a manual system. In Malaysia, cars like the Perodua Myvi and Proton Iriz feature AMT options. The downside is that gear shifts can feel jerky compared to traditional automatics, as the system relies on pre-programmed timing for clutch engagement.
What Is Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)?
Continuously variable transmission (CVT) uses a belt and pulley system instead of fixed gears, allowing seamless acceleration without shift interruptions. This design improves fuel economy and delivers a smooth ride, making it common in Malaysian-market cars such as the Honda City and Toyota Corolla Cross. However, some drivers dislike the lack of gearshift feedback, as the engine noise remains constant during acceleration.
What Is Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT)?
Dual-clutch transmission (DCT) employs two separate clutches—one for odd-numbered gears and another for even-numbered gears—to enable lightning-fast shifts. High-performance vehicles like the Volkswagen Golf GTI and Porsche 911 use DCTs for their precision and speed. In Malaysia, DCTs are less common in budget cars due to higher production and repair costs. The system excels in dynamic driving but may overheat in stop-and-go traffic if not properly cooled.
What Is Automatic Transmission (AT)?
Automatic transmission (AT) relies on a hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear sets to change gears without driver input. It dominates the Malaysian market for its convenience, particularly in congested urban areas. Models like the Perodua Bezza and Honda HR-V use torque-converter automatics. While ATs offer smooth operation, they are generally less fuel-efficient than manuals or CVTs due to power loss in the torque converter.
What Is Multi-Clutch Transmission (MCT)?
Multi-clutch transmission (MCT) is a high-performance variant that uses multiple wet clutches for rapid gear changes. Luxury and sports car manufacturers like Mercedes-AMG and Audi implement MCTs in models such as the AMG GT and R8. These transmissions provide near-instant shifts but are expensive to maintain and rarely found in mainstream Malaysian vehicles.
What Is Electric Vehicle Transmission (EV)?
Electric vehicle transmission (EV) typically operates as a single-speed system because electric motors deliver instant torque across a wide RPM range. Malaysian EVs like the BMW iX3 and Tesla Model Y use this simplified design, which reduces mechanical complexity and maintenance. The absence of gear shifts contributes to smoother acceleration compared to internal combustion engine cars.
What Is Electronic Continuously Variable Transmission (E-CVT)?
Electronic continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) is a hybrid-specific system that merges planetary gears with electric motor control. It optimizes power delivery between the engine and electric motor for maximum efficiency. In Malaysia, the Toyota Corolla Hybrid and Honda City Hybrid utilize E-CVTs. Unlike traditional CVTs, this type lacks a belt-driven mechanism, enhancing durability and responsiveness.
Each transmission type serves specific purposes, from fuel-efficient commuting in a Perodua Myvi (AMT) to high-speed performance in a Porsche 911 (DCT). Understanding these differences helps Malaysian buyers select the right system for their driving needs.